Origins of a Creole : the history of Papiamentu and its African ties / by Bart Jacobs.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Presentation of the languages considered in the present study; Papiamentu (PA); Cape Verdean Creole (CV); The Creole of Guinea-Bissau and Casamance (GBC); Hypothesis examined in the present study; Methodological remarks; Linguistic evidence; Negative evidence; Historical evidence; Structure of the present study; 1 Critical review of the literature on the origins of Papiamentu.

Introduction; 1.1. From Schabel (1704) to Lenz (1928); 1.2. Afro-Portuguese hypotheses: from Lenz (1928) to monogenesis; 1.3. Spanish hypotheses 1.4. Critical discussion of the Spanish hypotheses1.4.1. Linguistic continuity between the pre- and post-1634 period?; 1.4.2. Linguistic evidence against Old Spanish in PA's superstate; 1.4.3. About the tendency to attribute the Portuguese to other Hispanic varieties; 1.5. PA birth among the Sephardim?; 1.5.1. On the linguistic profile of the early Curaçaoan Sephardim; 1.5.2. Demographic arguments against a PA birth among the Sephardim; 1.6. Where does the Portuguese come from?; 1.6.1. A shared origin for all Afro-Iberian creoles in the Caribbean?; 1.6.2. Goodman's Brazilian Creole Hypothesis 1.6.3. Gulf of Guinea Portuguese-based Creole1.6.4. Upper Guinea Portuguese-based Creole; 1.7. Summary.

2 Phonology; Introduction; 2.1. Vowel features; 2.1.1. Vowel raising; 2.1.2. Rounding of unstressed vowels; 2.1.3. Vowel harmony; 2.1.4. Monophthongs; 2.2. Consonant features; 2.2.1. The voiceless palatal fricative /{u222B}/ in PA and Upper Guinea PC; 2.2.2. Retention of Old Portuguese voiceless affricate /t{u222B}/ in PA and Upper Guinea PC; 2.2.3. Rejection of voiced fricatives in PA and Upper Guinea PC; 2.2.4. The lack of lambdacism (/r/> /l/) in PA and Upper Guinea PC; 2.2.5. Rhotacism (/d/> /r/) 2.3. Syllabic restructuring2.3.1. Apheresis of prefixes; 2.3.2. Vowel epenthesis; 2.3.3. Metathesis of the /r/; 2.3.4. Negative evidence: syllabic restructuring in PLQ and Gulf of Guinea PC; 2.4. Paroxytonic verb stress in PA and SCV; 2.4.1. Verb stress in GBC; 2.4.2. On the diachrony of paroxytonic verb stress in PA and SCV; 2.5. Final remarks on phonology.

3 Selected parts of speech; Introduction; 3.1. Personal pronouns; 3.1.1. 1sg (a)mi; 3.1.2. Emphatic a- subject pronouns; 3.1.3. 2pl SCV nhos; 3.1.4. Digression: 2sg polite pronouns in PA; 3.1.5. PA nan; 3.1.6. Final remarks on pronouns 3.2. Prepositions3.2.1. PA / Upper Guinea PC di; 3.2.2. PA / Upper Guinea PC na; 3.2.3. PA / Upper Guinea PC te; 3.2.4. PA / Upper Guinea PC riba (di); 3.2.5. PA / Upper Guinea PC pa; 3.2.6. Zero preposition with motion verb + place; 3.2.7. Reanalysis of Iberian prepositions/adverbs 'in front of' and 'behind' as nouns; 3.2.8. Composed prepositions; 3.2.9. A reassessment of the time-depth of prepositions in PA; 3.2.10. Final remarks on prepositions; 3.3. Interrogatives; 3.3.1. Equally transparent interrogative paradigms; 3.3.2. PA: Portuguese rather than Spanish etyma 3.3.3. Early PA *kantu, *kal.