Energy policies of IEA countries. Sweden 2013 review.

1. Executive Summary and Key Recommendations -Executive summary -Major achievements -Shaping progress -Key recommendations PART I. POLICY ANALYSIS 2. The Framework: Energy Policy and Climate Change -Country overview -Supply and demand -Projections for 2020 and 2030 -Institutions -CO2 emissions from fuel combustion -Key policies -Climate change policies -Assessment -Recommendations 3. Energy Efficiency -Total final consumption -Institutions -Sectoral policies and measures -Assessment -Recommendations PART II. SECTOR ANALYSIS 4. Fossil fuels and Peat -Overview -Oil -Natural gas -Coal -Peat -Assessment -Recommendations 5. Renewable Energy -Supply and demand -Institutions -Policies and measures -Assessment -Recommendations 6. Nucleear Energy -Overview -Institutions -History of nuclear policy -Legal framework -Nuclear safety -Waste disposal and decommissioning -Assessment -Recommendations 7. Electricity -Electricity supply and demand -Industry structure -Institutions -Legal framework and market design -Transmission and distribution -Prices and taxes -Security of supply -Assessment -Recommendations 8. District Heating -Supply and demand -Industry structure -Legal framework -Prices and taxes -Support policies -Assessment -Recommendations 9. Energy Technology Research, Development, Demonstration and Deployment -Overview -Institutional framework -Policies and programmes -Programme evaluation -Public-private partnerships -Deployment -Policies and programmes -International collaboration -Assessment -Recommendations PART IV. ANNEXES Annex A. Organisation of the review Annex B. Energy balances and key statistical data Annex C. International Energy Agency Shared Goals Annex D. Glossary, list of abbreviations and currency conversion Annex E. Swedish krona to euro exchange rate.

Sweden has made progress in recent years towards a more secure, sustainable energy future. The Scandinavian nation already has an almost carbon-free electricity supply and has phased out oil use in residential and power sectors. It is increasingly integrated within the Nordic and Baltic electricity markets, and its joint renewable electricity certificate market with Norway offers a unique model for other countries. Now Sweden must take concrete steps to realise its vision of a fossil-fuel-independent vehicle fleet by 2030 and no net greenhouse-gas emissions by 2050. Although Sweden has decided to allow the replacement of its existing nuclear reactors, further emission reductions will come at a higher cost and require technology change. This means Sweden will need to carefully evaluate the most cost-effective pathways for its transition to a low-carbon economy. Sweden has a high energy-intensity level, which requires greater energy efficiency in industry, buildings, heat and transport. A decarbonisation vision should be mapped out for each industry sector. Starting with transport, Sweden must specify how it will wean its vehicle fleet from fossil fuels by 2030. Sweden's industry lead in smart grids is an asset. Sweden should scale up investment in clean energy technologies. As all Nordic countries decarbonise, cost-effective regional solutions can control consumers' costs. The large-scale deployment of renewable and energy technologies in a common Northern European energy market can drive decarbonisation without comprising competitiveness, security of supply and affordability. This review analyses the energy-policy challenges currently facing Sweden, and provides studies and recommendations for each sector.