Urban North-Eastern English : Tyneside to Teesside / Joan C. Beal, Lourdes Burbano-Elizondo and Carmen Llamas.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 97-110) and index.

Machine generated contents note: 1. History, geography, demography and culture -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Geography -- 1.2.1. The North-East -- 1.2.2. Newcastle and Tyneside -- 1.2.3. Sunderland and Wearside -- 1.2.4. Middlesbrough and Teesside -- 1.3. History -- 1.3.1. The North-East -- 1.3.2. Newcastle and Tyneside -- 1.3.3. Sunderland and Wearside -- 1.3.4. Middlesbrough and Teesside -- 1.4. Culture -- 1.4.1. The North-East as a culturally salient region -- 1.4.2. Newcastle: a regional capital? -- 1.4.3. Local rivalries -- Notes -- 2. Phonetics and phonology -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Delimiting the region -- 2.3. Variation within the region -- 2.3.1. Perceptions of variation -- 2.3.2. Sources -- 2.4. Vowels -- 2.4.1. Introduction -- 2.4.2. Face -- 2.4.3. Goat -- 2.4.4. Nurse -- 2.4.5. Goose.

2.4.6. Fleece -- 2.4.7. Price -- 2.4.8. Mouth -- 2.4.9. Thought -- 2.4.10. Trap, Bath, Start -- 2.4.11. Unstressed vowels -- 2.5. Consonants -- 2.5.1. Introduction -- 2.5.2. /p t k/ -- 2.5.3. /r/ -- 2.5.4. /h/ -- 2.5.5. /l/ -- 2.6. Suprasegmentals -- 2.7. Current changes -- 2.7.1. Introduction -- 2.7.2. Face and Goat -- 2.7.3. /p/, /t/ and /k/ -- 2.7.4. TH-fronting -- 2.7.5. /r/ -- 2.8. Conclusion -- Notes -- 3. Morphosyntax -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Pronouns -- 3.2.1. Personal pronouns -- 3.2.2. Relative pronouns -- 3.3. Definite and indefinite articles -- 3.3.1. The definite article -- 3.3.2. The indefinite article -- 3.4. The northern subject rule -- 3.5. Negation -- 3.5.1. Punctual never -- 3.5.2. Negative concord -- 3.5.3. Auxiliary contraction -- 3.5.4. Uncontracted negatives -- 3.5.5. Interrogative tags -- 3.5.6. Local forms of negated do.

3.6. Modal verbs -- 3.6.1. Range of modal verbs -- 3.6.2. Epistemic must -- 3.6.3. Double modals -- 3.7. Conclusion -- 4. Lexis and discourse features -- 4.1. Introduction: social changes and lexical attrition -- 4.2. Past research into North-Eastern dialect vocabulary -- 4.3. Sources of the North-Eastern vocabulary -- 4.4. Case studies -- 4.4.1. Case study 1: The Tyneside Linguistic Survey lexical questionnaire -- 4.4.2. Case study 2: Lads and lasses -- 4.5. Discourse markers -- 4.5.1. Intensifiers -- 4.5.2. Sentence-final elements -- 4.5.3. Other uses of like -- 4.5.4. Right dislocation -- 4.5.5. Terms of endearment -- 4.6. Conclusion -- Notes -- 5. Annotated bibliography and references -- 5.1. History, geography, demography and culture -- 5.2. Phonetics and phonology -- 5.3. Morphosyntax -- 5.4. Lexis -- 5.5. References cited in this text.