Social Protection in Latin America : Causality, Stratification and Outcomes / by Armando Barrientos.

Intro -- Preface and Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Author -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Why Focus on Social Protection? -- 1.2 Theories of Social Protection in Latin America -- 1.3 Some New Departures… -- 1.3.1 Wage Earners Are the Object of Social Protection Institutions -- 1.3.2 Social Protection Institutions Are Stratification Mechanisms -- 1.3.3 Social Protection Institutions and Dominant Forms of Stratification -- 1.3.4 Methodologically, from Correlation to Causality -- 1.4 The Approach in This Book -- 1.4.1 The Need for Theory -- 1.4.2 A Late Industrialisers Perspective -- 1.4.3 A Dynamic and Comparative Perspective Is Essential… -- 1.4.4 Comparative Social Protection -- 1.4.5 Shortcuts: Pensions and Social Assistance -- 1.5 The Structure of the Book -- 1.5.1 Framework -- References -- 2: Methods -- 2.1 Methods in the Comparative Literature -- 2.2 Shifting Attention to Causality -- 2.3 'Effects of Causes' and 'Causes of Effects' Explanations -- 2.4 The Potential Outcomes Framework -- 2.5 Directed Acyclical Graphs -- 2.6 Causality Deficits in Social Protection Research -- 2.7 Methodological Challenges -- 2.8 Conclusions -- References -- 3: Framework -- 3.1 Framework -- 3.1.1 Synchronic: Core Institutions -- 3.1.2 Diachronic: Critical Realignments -- 3.1.3 Analytic: Dominant Stratification -- 3.2 Stratification and Theories of Welfare Institutions: A Digression -- 3.3 Stratification Effects -- 3.4 Testing the Framework -- 3.4.1 Origins -- 3.4.2 Stratification Effects -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- 4: Institutions -- 4.1 Data and Indicators -- 4.2 Pension Schemes -- 4.2.1 Occupational Pensions -- 4.2.1.1 Bismarck vs. Beveridge -- 4.2.1.2 Membership Entitlements -- 4.2.1.3 A Less Advantaged Worker Perspective -- 4.2.2 Individual Retirement Savings Plans.

4.2.3 Pressure Points for Pension Provision -- 4.3 Social Assistance -- 4.3.1 Old Age Transfers -- 4.3.2 Conditional Income Transfers -- 4.4 Secondary Programmes -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- 5: Employment -- 5.1 Social Protection and Employment: Direction of Causality -- 5.2 Industrialisation and Social Protection Expansion -- 5.3 Limited Fordism and Social Protection -- 5.4 Earnings -- 5.5 Tertiarisation and Social Protection: Driver or Consequence? -- 5.6 The Knowledge Economy and Skill Polarisation -- 5.7 New Forms of Integration with the World Economy -- 5.8 Conclusions -- References -- 6: Protection -- 6.1 Assessing Effects of Social Protection -- 6.2 Pensions -- 6.2.1 The Reach of Pension Benefits -- 6.2.2 Pension Benefit Replacement Rates -- 6.2.3 Inequalities in Old Age Income Support -- 6.3 Social Assistance -- 6.3.1 Conditional Income Transfers -- 6.3.2 Old Age Transfers -- 6.4 Tax-Transfer Systems -- 6.4.1 Poverty and Inequality Outcomes -- 6.5 Gender -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References -- 7: Incorporation -- 7.1 First Incorporation -- 7.1.1 Two Waves of Industrialisation -- 7.1.2 The Top-Down Character of the First Incorporation -- 7.1.3 Occupational Insurance Funds -- 7.1.4 Power Resources -- 7.2 Retrenchment -- 7.2.1 Individual Retirement Savings Plans -- 7.2.2 'Frozen Landscapes' and Asset Theory -- 7.3 Second Incorporation -- 7.3.1 A second Incorporation? -- 7.3.2 Incumbent Electoral Advantage? -- 7.3.3 Ideological Affinity? -- 7.3.4 Political Participation -- 7.4 Conclusions -- References -- 8: Clusters -- 8.1 Social Policy Clusters -- 8.1.1 A First Approximation -- 8.1.2 Clustering Social Policy Regimes -- 8.1.3 Revisiting Concepts and Methods -- 8.2 Clustering Causal Outcomes -- 8.3 Continuity, Disruption, and Outliers.

8.4 Three Worlds of Latin American Social Protection/Welfare Capitalism? -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- 9: Conclusion -- 9.1 Pointers for a General Theory of Welfare Institutions -- 9.1.1 Causal Inference -- 9.1.2 Diachronicity, Synchronicity, and Analysis -- 9.1.3 Wage Earner Stratification -- 9.1.4 Actors -- 9.1.5 Stratification Effects -- 9.2 Prospects for Change -- 9.2.1 Universalism? -- 9.2.2 Continued Change and Resilient Dualism? -- References -- Index.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2025. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.