Political leadership between democracy and authoritarianism : comparative and historical perspectives / Jerzy J. Wiatr

"Verlag Barbara Budrich"

ForewordIntroductionChapter One: The essence of leadership1. Philosophy of history: determinism versus activism2. Leader's personality: a psychological interpretation3. Ethics of leadershipChapter Two: A typology of political leadership1. Max Weber's pure types of legitimate rule 2. Controversies over the charismatic leadershipChapter Three: Democracy and political leadership1. Leaders and citizens in democracy2. Presidential leadership3. Leadership in parliamentary systems4. Democratic leadership and party systems 5. Conservatives, reformers, and nation-buildersChapter Four: Autocratic Leaders in Modern Times1. A typology of non-democratic regimes2. The men on horseback 3. Totalitarian and authoritarian party leadersChapter Five: Political Leadership in the Transition to Democracy 1. Alternative explanations of transition 2. Modes of extrication from non-democratic regimes 3. Different outcomes: democracies or renewedauthoritarianism 4. Democratic consolidation: the importance of leadership5. Dilemmas of transformative leadership Chapter Six: New authoritarianism and political leadership1. Populist nationalism in the 21st century 2. New and old authoritarianism: similarities and differences3. New authoritarianism and post-communist heritage4. Political leaders in new authoritarianismConclusionsReferences .Keywords About the author

Frontmatter -- Cover -- Jerzy J. Wiatr: Political Leadership Between Democracy and Authoritarianism. Comparative and Historical Perspectives -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Chapter One: The essence of leadership -- 1. Philosophy of history: determinism versus activism -- 2. Leader's personality: a psychological interpretation -- 3. Ethics of leadership -- Chapter Two: A typology of political leadership -- 1. Max Weber's pure types of legitimate rule -- 2. Controversies over the charismatic leadership -- Chapter Three: Democracy and political leadership

1. Leaders and citizens in democracy -- 2. Presidential leadership -- 3. Leadership in parliamentary systems -- 4. Democratic leadership and party systems -- 5. Conservatives, reformers, and nation-builders -- Chapter Four: Autocratic leaders in modern times -- 1. A typology of non-democratic regimes -- 2. The men on horseback -- 3. Totalitarian and authoritarian party leaders -- Chapter Five: Political leadership in the transition to democracy -- 1. Alternative explanations of transition -- 2. Modes of extrication from non-democratic regimes

3. Different outcomes: democracies or renewed authoritarianism -- 4. Democratic consolidation: the importance of leadership -- 5. Dilemmas of transformative leadership -- Chapter Six: New authoritarianism and political leadership -- 1. Nationalist populism in the 21st century -- a) Russia -- b) Belarus -- c) Turkey -- d) Hungary -- e) Slovakia, Serbia and Croatia -- f) Poland -- 2. New and old authoritarianism: similaritiesand differences -- 3. New authoritarianism and the post-communist heritage -- 4. Political leadership in new authoritarianism -- Conclusions -- Backmatter -- References

This book sheds light on the theory of political leadership, which is still an under-researched field of political science. It is related to the philosophical argument about determinism versus activism and helps to understand the basic conflict of the 21st century between liberal democracy and new authoritarianism. The book looks at Max Weber's typology of political rule and his concept of the ethics of responsibility, which are key to the theory of leadership. The author shows that the unfinished contest between democracy and new authoritarianism in the 21st century confirms the importance of leadership in old and new democracies as well as in the neo-authoritarian regimes and calls for a new type of political leaders.

Jerzy J. Wiatr is Professor emeritus at the University of Warsaw and Honorary Rector of the European School of Law and Administration in Warsaw, Poland, and Brussels, Belgium