Terrorism in Europe : an international comparative legal analysis / Antonio Vercher.

Based on

Includes bibliographical references (pages [413]-441) and index.

1. The International Context -- 2. Towards an International Response -- 3. Methodology -- Pt. I. The British Legal System. 1. Internment. 1. Internment in Britain. (a). The First World War. (b). The Second World War. 2. Internment in Other Common-Law Jurisdictions. 3. Internment in Ireland. (a). The statutory framework. (b). Judicial review and parliamentary control of internment. 4. Some Terminological Considerations -- 5. Conclusions. 2. Exclusion Orders -- 1. Introduction. 2. The Origins of Exclusion Orders. (a). Civil Authorities (Special Powers) Act (Northern Ireland) 1922. (b). Prevention of Violence (Temporary Provisions) Act 1939. (c). Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act 1974, 1976, 1984, and 1989. 3. Judicial Control of Exclusion Orders. 4. Judicial Review of Exclusion Orders -- 5. Conclusions. 3. Arrest, Detention, and Gathering of Information -- 1. Introduction.

2. Special Powers of Arrest. (a). Informing the person arrested. (b). Test of suspicion. (c). Arrest and rearrest. (d). Some considerations. 3. Gathering of Intelligence: The Executive, the Courts, and the Law. (a). The executive. (b). The courts. (c). The law -- 4. Conclusions. 4. Accomplice Evidence, Informers, and Agents Provocateurs. 1. Accomplice Evidence or Supergrasses. (a). Great Britain. (b). Northern Ireland. 2. Informers and Agents Provocateurs. (a). Great Britain. (b). Northern Ireland -- 3. Conclusions. 5. Diplock Courts -- 1. Introduction. 2. Scheduled Offences. 3. The Nature of Diplock Courts. (a). The absence of juries. (b). The functioning of the courts. 4. Exclusion of Confessions and its Rationale. (a). The common-law approach. (b). The emergency powers approach -- 5. Conclusions -- Pt. II. The Continental Legal Systems. 6. Some Characteristics of the Spanish, French, Italian, and German Legal Systems -- 1. Introduction. 2. Spain. 3. France. 4. Italy. 5. Germany.

6. Final Considerations. 7. Equivalents of Internment and Exclusion Orders in the Continental Legal Systems -- 1. Introduction. 2. Droit Administratif: Its Origins in France and Spain. (a). Development of droit penal administratif or derecho penal administrativo in Spain. (b). Development of droit penal administratif in France; a brief analysis of the Italian system. 3. Legal Systems in Central Europe. (a). Germany. (b). Austria. 4. Criminal Administrative Law and Military Matters. 5. Nature of Administrative Deprivation of Freedom -- 6. Some Final Considerations. 8. Powers of Arrest and Detention -- 1. Introduction. 2. Spain. (a). Historical analysis. (b). Powers of detention in the present democratic. (c). Recent developments and new legislation. 3. France. 4. Italy. 5. Germany. 6. Other Aims of Prolonged Detention -- 7. Conclusions. 9. Accomplice Evidence in Civil-Law Legal Systems -- 1. Introduction.

2. Spain and Italy. (a). Historical approach. (b). Italian and Spanish legislation in recent times. (c). Characteristics and nature of the Italian and Spanish systems of accomplice evidence. 3. The French System. 4. The German System. 5. Informers and Agents Provocateurs -- 6. Summary and Conclusions. 10. The System of Courts. 1. Offences of Terrorism. 2. Anti-terrorist Specializations. (a). Introduction. (b). Spain. (c). France. (d). Italy. (e). Germany. 3. Procedural Matters. (a). Procedural norms. (b). The use of confessions. (c). The exclusionary rule -- 4. Conclusions -- Pt. III. The International Approach. 11. The Council of Europe -- 1. Introduction. 2. The European Convention of Human Rights. 3. The European Convention on Extradition and the European Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism. 12. The EEC: Analysis of the Different Responses. 1. Extradition. 2. European Judicial Area. 3. European Court. 4. The European Judicial Area as a Unified Anti-terrorist Response within the EEC.

5. Safeguards and Measures to Complement Action within the European Judicial Area. 6. Some Complementary Political Issues. 13. Recent Development and Conclusions. 1. United Kingdom. 2. Spain, France, Italy, and Germany. 3. The EEC. 4. International Collaboration -- 5. Conclusions. 14. Postscript.