China's political system : modernization and tradition / June Teufel Dreyer.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1 Introducation 1 -- Modernization and Chinese Civilization 1 -- Theories of Analysis of Chinese Politics 8 -- Theoretical Analysis in the Early Years of the PRC 10 -- Theories Engendered by the Cultural Revolution 15 -- Post-Mao Theories of Analysis 21 -- Conclusions 23 -- Suggestions for Further Reading 24 -- 2 The Chinese Tradition 25 -- Basic Characteristics 25 -- The Governmental Structure of Traditional China 31 -- The Examination System 35 -- Literature and Art 36 -- The Role of Law in Traditional China 36 -- The Military 38 -- The Barbarian Problem 39 -- Interpretations of Chinese History 39 -- Implications for Industrialization 42 -- Conclusions 46 -- Suggestions for Further Reading 46 -- 3 Reformers, Warlords, and Communists 47 -- The New Invasion 47 -- The Self-Strengthening Movement 49 -- Reform and Revolution 53 -- The Reformers 54 -- The Reactionaries 55 -- The Revolutionaries 56 -- The Kuomintang 61 -- Suggestions for Further Reading 65 -- 4 The Communist Road to Power 66 -- The Early Years: 1919-1923 66 -- The Period of Soviet Control: 1923-1931 68 -- The Jiangxi Soviet: 1931-1934 70 -- The Long March: 1934-1935 72 -- The Xi'an Incident: 1936 75 -- The Second United Front: 1936-1941 76 -- Civil War and Victory: 1941-1949 82 -- Suggestions for Further Reading 84 -- 5 PRC Politics under Mao: 1949-1976 85 -- Consolidation of Power: 1949-1955 85 -- Establishing the Organs of Power 89 -- The Hundred Flowers Period: 1956-1957 94 -- The Great Leap Forward and Its Aftermath: 1958-1961 97 -- The Socialist Education Movement: 1962-1966 102 -- The Cultural Revolution: 1966-1976 104 -- The Years of Upheaval: 1966-1969 104 -- Reconstruction: 1970-1976 109 -- Suggestions for Further Reading 112 -- 6 PRC Politics in the Post-Mao Era: 1976-2008 113 -- Interregnum: 1976-1978 113 -- Deng Ascendant 116 -- The Legacy of Mao 119 -- Political Realignment and Policy Readjustment 120 -- The Tiananmen Demonstrations. 1989 129 -- The "Third Generation": China under Jiang Zemin 134 -- The Three Represents 136 -- Civie Organizations 136 -- Changing Central-Local Relationships 137 -- The "Fourth Generation" Assumes Power 141 -- Conclusions 145 -- Suggestions for Further Reading 147 -- 7 The Politics of the Economy 148 -- Introduction 148 -- The Early Years: 1949-1950 149 -- The Socialist Transformation of Agriculture: 1949-1978 150 -- Industrial Policy in the Maoist Era 155 -- Maoist Economic Policies Assessed 156 -- Economic Policy under Deng Xiaoping 158 -- Agricultural Reforms 158 -- The Private Sector 161 -- More Responsibility for State Enterprises 162 -- Reforming the Price System 163 -- Reforming the Reforms 165 -- New Problems for Deng's Successors 169 -- Future Concerns 173 -- Conclusions 176 -- Suggestions for Further Reading 177 -- 8 Crime and Punishment: The Legal System of the PRC 178 -- Less than Peaceful Coexistence of the Societal and Jural Models: 1949-1953 179 -- The Jural Model in Ascendance: 1954-1957 180 -- Resurgence of the Societal Model: 1957-1965 182 -- The Societal Model Rampant: 1966-1976 183 -- Law and Justice in the Post-Mao Era: Return to the Jural Model 185 -- The New Legal System 186 -- Legal Developments 188 -- The Trial Process 189 -- Mediation 191 -- Petitions 193 -- The Penal System 193 -- Conclusions 202 -- Suggestions for Further Reading 203 -- 9 The Role of the Military 204 -- Party and Army 204 -- Assessing the Maoist Model 207 -- The Influence of the Korean War on the PLA 208 -- The Revolt Against Professionalism 210 -- Professionalism Returns 216 -- The Effect of the June Fourth Incident on the PLA 220 -- The Military under Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao 222 -- Conclusions 227 -- Suggestions for Further Reading 228 -- 10 Education 229 -- Devising a System 229 -- The Drive for Egalitarianism and Fall Back Toward Expertise 232 -- Redness Revisited: The Cultural Revolution 233 -- Egalitarians versus Experts: The Search for a Synthesis 236 -- The Search for Academic Excellence 237 -- Conclusions 248 -- Suggestions for Further Reading 251 -- 11 Quality-of-Life Issues: Health, Demography, and the Environment 252 -- Health 252 -- Demography 260 -- The Environment 269 -- Conclusions 275 -- Suggestions for Further Reading 276 -- 12 Conformity and Dissent: The Arts, the Media, and Social Control 277 -- Artist and Society in China 277 -- The Party, Art, and Social Protest 278 -- Post-1949 Control Mechanisms 279 -- Repression and Reaction 281 -- Culture and the Cultural Revolution 283 -- The Arts under Deng Xiaoping 285 -- Restrained Dissent 285 -- Protest Gains Momentum 286 -- Experimenting with Capitalism in the Arts 288 -- The Campaign Against Spiritual Pollution 288 -- Looming Confrontation 289 -- The Tiananmen Demonstrations and Their Aftermath 290 -- Expression, Repression, and Social Control 291 -- Conclusions 297 -- Suggestions for Further Reading 298 -- 13 Ethnic Minorities and National Integration 299 -- China's Minority Peoples 299 -- Ethnicity in Communist Ideology 303 -- Minorities Policy in Practice 304 -- The Early Years: 1949-1957 304 -- The Great Leap Forward and Its Aftermath: 1959-1965 309 -- The Cultural Revolution: 1966-1971 312 -- Return to Pluralism: 1971-1977 313 -- Post-Mao Minorities Policy 314 -- Reform Produces Problems 315 -- External Factors 317 -- Repression Increases 318 -- Genuine Autonomy as a Possible Solution 323 -- Conclusions 325 -- Suggestions for Further Reading 326 -- 14 Foreign Policy 327 -- Determinants 327 -- Tradition 327 -- Ideology 329 -- Capabilities 330 -- Goals 331 -- The Formulation of Foreign Policy 331 -- Chinese Foreign Relations: An Overview 334 -- The "Lean to One Side" Policy: 1949-1954 334 -- The Bandung spirit: 1954-1957 337 -- Resurgent Nationalism and Isolation: 1957-1969 339 -- Global Power Politics: 1969-Present 343 -- Triangular Politics 1969-1989 343 -- Counterbalancing the Sole Superpower: 1989-Present 348 -- Post-9/11 Developments 350 -- Conclusions 353 -- Suggestions for Further Reading 355.