The Times atlas of European history .

900 BC the first states -- 550 BC the rise of Greece -- 480 BC the battle of Salamis -- 323 BC Europe after Alexander -- 270 BC the rise of Rome -- 121 BC Roman expansion in the Mediterranean -- 31 BC Roman expansion beyond the Mediterranean -- AD 180 the triumph of Rome -- 395 The decline of Rome -- 450 The Barbarian invasions -- 526 The Barbarian West -- 565 The Frankish Kingdom -- 732 The Arab advance -- 814 The death of Charlemagne -- 910 The Viking conquests -- 1003 The first Russian State -- 1030 Feudal Europe -- 1095 The age of the Normans -- 1180 Crusader Europe --

1223 The eve of the Mongol invasions -- 1270 The high Middle Ages -- 1328 The consolidation of England -- 1382 The Ottoman advance -- 1430 The Hundred Years' War -- 1466 The age of the new monarchies -- 1493 The later Middle Ages -- 1530 The Habsburg Ascendancy -- 1572 The wars of religion -- 1618 The eve of the thirty years' war -- 1648 The peace of Westphalia -- 1683 The siege of Vienna -- 1699 The ascendancy of France -- 1721 The rise of Russia -- 1789 The French Revolution -- 1797 The rise of Napoleon -- 1812 Napoleonic Europe -- 1815 The treaty of Vienna --

1861 The unification of Italy -- 1871 The unification of Germany -- 1885 Imperial Europe -- 1914 The eve of the first world war -- 1925 The aftermath of the First World War -- 1940 The Nazi conquests -- 1942 Hitler's Europe -- 1949 Cold War Europe -- 1997 The aftermath of the Soviet Union.