Britain and biological warfare : expert advice and science policy, 1930-65 / Brian Balmer.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 233-237) and index.

Machine generated contents note: 1 Biological Warfare and Scientific Expertise1 -- What are biological weapons? 3 -- Secrecy -- The politics of expertise 6 -- Threat assessments and the sociology of risk 7 -- Before biological warfare 8 -- The invisible enemy 9 --2 Bacteriological Warfare as a Public Health Threat 14 -- The 'datum line' on biological warfare 16 -- Formalizing advice 19 -- Emergency response becomes the Public Health -- Laboratory Service 22 -- Intelligence and bacteriological possibilities 25 -- Secrecy 27 -- Responding to different bacteriological warfares 28 --3 Hankey's 'Step Further' 29 -- Reorganization and policy revision 29 -- Porton Down 36 -- Gruinard Island 41 -- Special Operations 42 -- The American programme 46 -- Ordering anthrax 47 -- Bombs and committees 52 -- The legacy of world war 53 --4 The Growth of Biological Warfare Research 55 -- Handing over 55 -- Organizing biological warfare policy 59 -- Biological warfare takes top priority 61 -- Mass destruction 62 -- Promises 65 -- Offence or defence? 67 --Imagining the threat 68 -- The place of civil defence 72 -- Recruitment 74 -- Biological weapons ascend 77 --5 Project Red Admiral 79 -- Negotiating Red Admiral 79 -- Biological and atomic bombs 85 -- Tripartite collaboration and the biological bomb 87 -- Killing the bomb 89 -- Experimental Plant No. 2 91 --6 Trials for Biological Warfare 104 -- Operation Harness 104 -- Operation Cauldron 110 -- Operation Hesperus 116 -- Virology 119 -- Return to the Bahamas: Operation Ozone 120 -- The last trial: Negation 124 -- Sea trials sink 125 --7 The Drift of Biological Weapons Policy 128 -- Some doubts 128 -- Divergence and change 134 -- Directives 139 -- Further divergence from the United States 142 -- More atomic weapons 143 -- Defending biological warfare 147 -- Sabotage 151 -- Losing the BW Subcommittee 154 --8 A New Threat 157 -- Abandoning offensive chemical warfare 158 -- New trials, new danger 159 -- Zinc cadmium sulphide 161 -- Strategic insignificance 162 -- Change and anxiety 167 -- More trials 170 -- From inert to living simulants 172 -- Large Area Concept, early warning, defence and renewed -- interest 175 -- Sea trials with simulants 179 -- Test tube 180 -- Surviving and redefining policy 182 --9 Making Threats 184 --Appendix 1 Organization of Advice on Biological -- Warfare (1947) 188.