American civil-military relations : new issues, enduring problems / Douglas V. Johnson II and Steven Metz.

"April 24, 1995"

Includes bibliographical references (pages 24-29).

The debate over proper civil-military relationships began while America was still a collection of British colonies. The relationship was the subject of intense and acrimonious debate during the framing of the Constitution and periodically the debate reemerges. The authors feel the relationship exists on two levels. The first is focused on specific issues and key individuals and is transitory in nature. The second level deals with the enduring questions with essential values. At the latter level individuals merely represent the issues. Two questions are addressed in this study: What is the appropriate level of involvement of the military in national security policymaking? and, within that context, with what or whom does an officer's ultimate loyalty lie? Most Americans agree that the objective is a competent, professional military able to contribute to national security policymaking but not to dominate it, but there is no consensus on the changes that the evolution of the global security environment will bring, or on the risks of too much military involvement in policymaking. The issues that will shape the future, such as the changing nature of armed conflict and alterations in U.S. national security strategy, are clear, but their precise impact on civil-military relations is not. There is no crisis in American civil-military relations now, but what will happen in a decade or so when the psychological legacy of the Cold War fully fades and fundamental assumptions are again open to debate remains to be seen.

Also available in electronic form via the Army War College Web site.