The concise encyclopedia of economics / edited by David R. Henderson.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Advertising / George Bittlingmayer -- Agricultural subsidy programs / Daniel A. Sumner -- Airline deregulation / Fred L. Smith Jr. and Braden Cox -- Antitrust / Fred McChesney -- Apartheid / Thomas W. Hazlett -- Arts / Tyler Cowen -- Auctions / Leslie R. Fine -- Austrian school of economics / Peter J. Boettke -- Balance of payments / Herbert Stein -- Bank runs / George G. Kaufman -- Bankruptcy / Todd J. Zywicki -- Behavioral economics / Richard H. Thaler and Sendhil Mullainathan -- Benefit-cost analysis / Paul R. Portney -- Bonds / Clifford W. Smith -- Brand names / Benjamin Klein -- Bubbles / Seiji S.C. Steimetz -- Business cycles / Christina D. Romer -- Campaign finance / Jeffrey Milyo -- Capital gains taxes / Stephen Moore -- Capitalism / Robert Hessen -- Cartels / Andrew R. Dick -- Charity / Russell Roberts -- Communism / Bryan Caplan -- Comparative advantage / Donald J. Boudreaux -- Competing money supplies / Lawrence H. White -- Competition / Wolfgang Kasper -- Conscription / Christopher Jehn -- Consumer price indexes / Michael J. Boskin -- Consumer protection / Daniel B. Klein -- Consumption tax / Al Ehrbar -- Corporate financial structure / Annette Poulsen -- Corporate governance / Randall S. Kroszner -- Corporate taxation / Rob Norton --

Corporations / Robert Hessen -- Corruption / François Melese -- Creative destruction / w. Michael Cox and Richard Alm -- Crime / David D. Friedman -- Defense / Benjamin Zycher -- Demand / David R. Henderson -- Disaster and recovery / Jack Hirshleifer -- Discrimination / Linda Gorman -- Distribution of income / Frank Levy -- Economic freedom / Robert A. Lawson -- Economic growth / Paul M. Romer -- Education / Linda Gorman -- Efficiency / Paul Heyne -- Efficient capital markets / Steven L. Jones and Jeffry M. Netter -- Electricity and its regulation / Robert J. Michaels -- Empirics of economic growth / Kevin Grier -- Energy / Jerry Taylor and Peter Van Doren -- Entrepreneurship / Russel S. Sobel -- Environmental quality / Terry L. Anderson -- Ethics and economics / Stephen R.C. Hicks -- European Union / Marian L. Tupy -- Experimental economics / Don Coursey -- Externalities / Bryan Caplan -- Fascism / Sheldon Richman -- Federal Reserve System / Richard H. Timberlake -- Financial regulation / Bert Ely -- Fiscal policy / David N. Weil -- Fiscal sustainability / Laurence J. Kotlikoff -- Forecasting and econometric models / Saul H. Hymans -- Foreign aid / Deepak Lal -- Foreign exchange / Jeffrey A. Frankel -- Free market / Murray N. Rothbard -- Free-market environmentalism / Richard Stroup -- Free trade / Alan S. Blinder -- Futures and options markets / Gregory J. Millman --

Game theory / Avinash Dixit and Barry Nalebuff -- Gender gap / Claudia Goldin -- German economic miracle / David R. Henderson -- Global warming : a balance sheet / Thomas Gale Moore -- Gold standard / Michael D. Bordo -- Government debt and deficits / John J. Seater -- Government growth / Robert Higgs -- Great Depression / Gene Smiley -- Health care / Michael A. Morrisey -- Health insurance / John C. Goodman-- Housing / Benjamin Powell and Edward Stringham -- Human capital / Gary S. Becker -- Hyperinflation / Michael K. Salemi -- Immigration / George J. Borjas -- Industrial concentration / William F. Shughart II -- Industrial Revolution and the standard of living / Clark Nardinelli -- Inflation / Lawrence H. White -- Information / Joseph E. Stiglitz -- Information and prices / Donald J. Boudreaux -- Innovation / Timothy Sandefur -- Insider trading / Stanislav Dolgopolov -- Insurance / Richard Zeckhauser -- Intellectual property / Stan Liebowitz -- Interest rates / Burton G. Malkiel -- International capital flows / Mack Ott -- International trade agreements / Douglas A. Irwin -- Internet / Stan Liebowitz -- Investment / Kevin Hassett -- Japan / Benjamin Powell --

Job safety / W. Kip Viscusi -- Junk bonds / Glenn Yago -- Keynesian economics / Alan S. Blinder -- Labor unions / Morgan O. Reynolds -- Law and economics / Paul H. Rubin -- Liability / W. Kip Viscusi -- Marginal tax rates / Alan Reynolds -- Marginal tax rates / Alan Reynolds -- Marginalism / Steven E. Rhoads -- Market for corporate control / Jonathan R. Macey -- Marxism / David Prychitko -- Mercantilism / Laura LaHaye -- Microeconomics / Arnold C. Harberger -- Minimum wages / Linda Gorman -- Monetarism / Bennett T. McCallum -- Monetary policy / James Tobin -- Monetary union / Paul Bergin -- Money supply / Anna J. Schwartz -- Monopoly / George J. Stigler -- National income accounts / Mack Ott -- Natural gas : markets and regulation / Robert J. Michaels -- Natural resources / Sue Ann Batey Blackmun and William J. Baumol -- New classical macroeconomics / Kevin D. Hoover -- New Keynesian economics / N. Gregory Mankiw -- OPEC / Benjamin Zycher -- Opportunity cost / David R. Henderson -- Pensions / Henry McMillan -- Pharmaceuticals : economics and regulation / Charles L. Hooper --

Phillips Curve / Kevin D. Hoover -- Political behavior / Richard L. Stroup -- Pollution controls / Robert W. Crandall -- Population / Ronald Demos Lee -- Poverty in America / Isabel V. Sawhill -- Present value / David R. Henderson -- Price controls / Hugh Rockoff -- Prisoners' dilemma / Avinash Dixit and Barry Nalebuff -- Privitization / Robert W. Poole Jr. -- Productivity / Alexander J. Field -- Profits / Lester C. Thurow -- Property rights / Armen A. Alchian -- Protectionism / Jagdish Bhagwati -- Public choice / William F. Shughart II -- Public goods / Tyler Cowen -- Rational expectations / Thomas J. Sargent -- Recycling / Jane S. Shaw -- Redistribution / Dwight R. Lee -- Regulation / Robert Litan -- Rent control / Walter Block -- Rent seeking / David R. Henderson -- Risk and safety / Aaron Wildavsky and Adam Wildavsky -- Sanctions / Kimberly Ann Elliott, Gary Clyde Hufbauer, and Barbara Oegg -- Saving / Laurence J. Kotlikoff -- Savings and loan crisis / Bert Ely -- Social security / Thomas R. Saving -- Socialism / Robert Heilbroner -- Spatial economics / Wolfgang Kasper -- Sportometrics / Robert Tollison -- Sports / Gerald W. Scully --

Standards of living and modern economic growth / John V.C. Nye -- Stock market / Jeremy J. Siegel -- Supply / Al Ehrbar -- Supply-side economics / James D. Gwartney -- Surface freight transportation deregulation / Thomas Gale Moore -- Taxation / Joseph J. Minarik -- Telecommunications / John Haring -- Tragedy of the commons / Garrett Hardin -- Transition economies / Anders Åslund -- Unemployment / Lawrence H. Summers -- Unintended consequences / Rob Norton -- Urban transportation / Kenneth A. Small -- Welfare / Thomas MaCurdy and Jeffrey M. Jones --

Biographies -- Editor's note -- George A. Akerlof -- Armen A. Alchian -- Maurice Allais -- Kenneth Arrow -- Frédéric Bastiat -- Gary Stanley Becker -- Jeremy Bentham -- Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk -- James M. Buchanan -- Arthur Frank Burns -- Gustav Cassel -- Ronald H. Coase -- Gerard Debreu -- Robert F. Engle -- Irving Fisher -- Robert W. Fogel -- Milton Friedman -- Ragnar Frisch -- John Kenneth Galbraith -- Henry George -- Clive W.J. Granger -- Trygve Haavelmo -- Roy F. Harrod -- John C. Harsanyi -- Friedrich August Hayek -- James J. Heckman -- Walter Wolfgang Heller -- John R. Hicks -- David Hume -- William Stanley Jevons -- Harry Gordon Johnson -- Daniel Kahneman -- Leonid Vitalievich Kantorovich -- John Maynard Keynes -- Lawrence Robert Klein -- Lawrence Robert Klein -- Frank Hyneman Knight -- Tjalling Charles Koopmans -- Simon Kuznets -- Finn E. Kydland -- Oskar Ryszard Lange -- Wassily Leontief -- Abba Ptachya Lerner -- W. Arthur Lewis -- John Locke -- Robert E. Lucas Jr. -- Fritz Machlup -- Thomas Robert Malthus -- Harry Markowitz -- Alfred Marshall -- Karl Marx -- Daniel L. McFadden -- James Edward Meade -- Carl Menger -- Robert C. Merton -- John Stuart Mill -- Merton H. Miller -- James A. Mirrlees -- Ludwig von Mises -- Franco Modigliani -- Oskar Morgenstern -- Robert A. Mundell -- Gunnar Myrdal -- John F. Nash Jr. -- John von Neumann -- Douglass C. North -- Bertil Gotthard Ohlin -- Arthur M. Okun -- Vilfredo Pareto --

Arthur Cecil Pigou -- Edward C. Prescott -- François Quesnay -- David Ricardo -- Lionel Robbins -- Joan Violet Robinson -- Paul Anthony Samuelson -- Jean-Baptiste Say -- Myron S. Scholes -- Theodore William Schultz -- Joseph Alois Schumpteter -- Reinhard Selten -- Amartya Sen -- William F. Sharp -- Herbert Alexander Simon-- Adam Smith -- Vernon L. Smith -- Robert Merton Solow -- Michael Spence -- George J. Stigler -- Joseph E. Stiglitz -- John Richard Nicholas Stone -- Jan Tinbergen -- James Tobin -- Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot -- Thorstein Veblen -- William S. Vickrey -- Jacob Viner -- Leon Walras -- Max Weber -- Knut Wicksell -- Appendixes -- Nobel Memorial Prize winners in economic science -- Chairmen of the Council of Economic Advisers -- Presidents of the American Economic Association -- Contributors.