The American culture of war : the history of U.S. military force from World War II to Operation Enduring Freedom / Adrian R. Lewis.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 501-521) and index.

TRADITION AND THE ENVISIONED FUTURE COLLIDE -- 1.Culture, Genes, and War -- Culture -- Axioms of Cultural Theory -- Genes and Culture -- War and Human Nature -- 2.Traditional American Thinking About the Conduct of War -- Traditional Practices No Longer Worked -- The Culture of Equality of Sacrifice -- The Culture of Inequality of Outcome -- The Culture of Wealth and Consumption -- The Culture of Science and Technology -- Tenets of American Culture -- 3.The Legacy of World War II: Man versus Machine -- WWII Air War Doctrine vs. WWII Ground War Doctrine -- The Army's Practice of War -- Airpower: A New Practice of War -- The Navy and Marine Corps -- 4.Truman, the Cold War, and the Creation of a New National Military Establishment, 1945-1950 -- Truman, the Policy of Containment, and National Strategy -- Strategic Airpower and National Military Strategy -- Army Opposition -- 5.The Korean War, The Opening Phases, 1950-1951 -- The Korean War -- The Opening Phase: Walker's Battle for Pusan -- The Inchon Landing -- Crossing the 38th Parallel and the Chinese Intervention -- Ridgway Takes Command: The Ground War -- 6.The Korean War, The Final Phases, 1951-1953 -- The Air War -- Censorship, the Media, and Public Opinion -- The Relief of General Douglas MacArthur -- New Personnel Policies: The Results of Transformation -- The Final Phase of the War: Defensive War of Attrition -- part II THE EFFORT TO ADAPT -- 7.Eisenhower, the Cold War, and Massive Retaliation, 1953-1960 -- Eisenhower's Vision of War: The New Look -- The Army's Fight against the New Look and the Doctrine of Massive Retaliation -- The Chaotic Array of Nuclear Technologies -- 8.The New National Military Command Structure, Civil-Military Relations, and the Growth of Militarism, 1945-1975 -- The National Military Command Structure -- Civil-Military Relations: Conflicting Loyalties -- The Iron Triangle and the Growth of Militarism -- 9.Kennedy, McNamara, and Artificial Limited War, 1961-1963 -- Theories of Artificial Limited War -- Kennedy: The Adoption of New Doctrines for War -- Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara -- McNamara's Reorganization of the Army -- Army Aviation: the Helicopter -- Communist Revolutionary War Doctrine and Army Counter-Revolutionary War Doctrine -- 10.The Vietnam War, The Opening Phases, 1955-1967 -- Geography and Strategy -- The Vietnam War: Explaining American Involvement -- The Advisory Phase -- Johnson and the Americanization Phase -- The Air War: Graduated Response -- The Ground War: The Marine Corps vs. The Army -- 11.The Vietnam War, The Final Phases, 1967-1975 -- Censorship, the Media, and Public Opinion -- New Personnel Policies: The Result of Transformation -- McNamara Changes Course -- The Tet Offensive -- Nixon and the Vietnamization Phase -- 12.The Recovery and Reorganization of the Armed Forces of the United States, 1975-1990 -- The "Revolution" in Strategic Bombing Doctrine -- To Rebuild an Army: Back to the Future -- The Marine Corps's "New" Maneuver Warfare Doctrine -- The Weinberger Strategic Doctrine: No More Graduated Response -- The Goldwater Nichols Act: More Revision to the National Command Structure -- part III THE NEW AMERICAN PRACTICE OF WAR -- 13.The Persian Gulf War: Operation Desert Shield, 1990-1991 -- Saddam Hussein's Decision to Invade Kuwait -- The Iraqi Army: Too Much Respect and Awe -- Bush's War, or America's War? -- Operation Desert Shield/Storm: Theater Strategy -- 14.The Persian Gulf War: Operation Desert Storm, 1991 -- The Air War -- The Ground War -- Military Victory and Political Failure -- The Media and Public Opinion -- The Verdict -- 15.The New American Practice of War: War Without the People -- War Without the People: The Clustering of America -- Civil-Military Relations: Who's in Charge? -- The Revolution in Military Affairs -- Jointness and Force Structure -- 16.The Global War on Terrorism and The War in Afghanistan: Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001-2011 -- Al-Qaeda vs. The Bush Administration -- Terrorism and Counterterrorism -- The Response: The GWOT and Bush Doctrine of Preemptive War -- The War in Afghanistan: Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001-2008 -- Obama's War in Afghanistan: Operation Enduring Freedom, 2008-2011 -- 17.The Second Persian Gulf War: Operation Iraqi Freedom I, The Conventional War, 2003 -- The Arguments and Decision for War -- Operational Doctrine: Shock and Awe -- Theater Strategy: Franks vs. Rumsfeld -- Opposing Forces -- The Air War -- The Ground War -- 18.The Second Persian Gulf War: Operation Iraqi Freedom II, The Counterinsurgency War, 2003-2010 -- The Media, Public Opinion, and War -- What Went Wrong: The Insurgency War -- The Multi-National Force-Iraq: New Leadership, New Strategy, New Commitment -- The New Way Forward: New Strategy, Leadership, Doctrine, and Tactics -- Rumsfeld's War -- 19.The American Culture of War and the Future of Warfare -- The American Culture of War -- The Future of Warfare.

The American Culture of War presents a sweeping, critical examination of every major American war of the late 20th century: World War II, Korea, Vietnam, the First and Second Persian Gulf Wars, through to Operation Enduring Freedom. Lewis deftly traces the evolution of US military strategy, offering an original and provocative look at the motives people and governments used to wage war, the debates among military personnel, the flawed political policies that guided military strategy, and the civilian perceptions that characterized each conflict. Now in its second edition, The American Culture of War has been completely revised and updated. New features include: Completely revised and updated chapters structured to facilitate students{u2019} ability to compare conflicts. New chapters on Operation Iraqi Freedom and the current conflict in Afghanistan. New conclusion discussing the American culture of war and the future of warfare. Over fifty maps, photographs, and images to help students visualize material. Expanded companion website with additional pedagogical material for both students and researchers. The American Culture of War is a unique and invaluable survey of over seventy years of American military history, perfect for any student of America{u2019}s modern wars. For additional information and classroom resources please visit The American Culture of War companion website at www.routledge.com/cw/lewis.