Strategies for sustainable financing of secondary education in Sub-Saharan Africa / Keith M. Lewin.

Mapping Needs 2 -- The Context for Expanding Enrollment 4 -- Profiling the Challenges for Expanding Enrollment 6 -- The Resources Needed 9 -- Options for Reforms 11 -- Developing a Road Map for Expanding Secondary Education 16 -- Ways Forward 17 -- Resume Analytique 23 -- Besoins d'elaboration d'une carte scolaire 24 -- Le train de mesures variees 27 -- Conceptualisation du defi a relever 30 -- Les ressources necessaires 31 -- Choix de reformes pour developper la participation au secondaire 35 -- Elaboration d'une feuille de route pour le developpement de l'enseignement secondaire en Afrique subsaharienne 38 -- Moyens d'avancer 40 -- Remarques finales 42 -- Annexe 1 Participation selon la richesse et le sexe en ass 44 -- Annexe 2 Croissance de la population et augmentations du nombre de places dans les etablissements et des besoins en enseignants en ass 46 -- Annexe 3 Modeles d'inscriptions en ass -- Typologie des pays 48 -- Annexe 4 Couts du developpement du secondaire 50 -- Annexe 5 Tableau synoptique des options pour le developpement de l'enseignement secondaire a des couts accessibles 52 -- 1 Why SEcondary Education? 59 -- Reasons for Revisiting Investment Policy in Secondary Education 60 -- Key Issues for Costs and Finance 66 -- 2 The Status of Secondary Schooling 69 -- Enrollment 69 -- Educational Structure 75 -- Participation by Gender, Wealth, and Location 77 -- Repetition and Over-Age Enrollment 83 -- Teachers and Teacher Education 84 -- Nongovernment Providers 86 -- Technical and Vocational Education 88 -- Expenditure and Costs 90 -- 3 The Challenge of Expanding Secondary Enrollment 95 -- How Rapidly Will Secondary Enrollments Grow? 95 -- Enrollment Patterns for Grades 1-9 Across Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa 99 -- 4 How Much Secondary Expansion Is Affordable with and without Reform? 109 -- Regional Estimates of the Recurrent Cost of Expanding Secondary Education 109 -- Country-Level Estimates of Costs of Expanding Secondary Education 113 -- Increasing the Supply of Teachers 117 -- Increasing Investment in Educational Infrastructure and Other Development Budget Items 121 -- Policy Options for Expanding Secondary Education 123 -- The Need for Better Data 125 -- 5 Options for Affordable Expansion of Secondary Schooling 127 -- Expanding National Resources 127 -- Changing the Structure of Schooling 128 -- Containing Recurrent Costs 132 -- Improving the Flow of Students 134 -- Improving Teacher Deployment and Utilization 136 -- Improving School Management 137 -- Reforming Curricula and Pedagogy 138 -- Reforming Teacher Education 140 -- Expanding Facilities and Buildings 141 -- Increasing Cost Recovery 142 -- Supporting Nongovernment Providers 146 -- 6 Ways Forward 149 -- Starting Points 149 -- Financing Expansion 150 -- Policy Challenges 152 -- Developing a Roadmap for Expanding Secondary Education 153 -- Developing a Framework for Action 158 -- Graphique generique de cinq types de modeles d'inscription 31 -- 2.1 Gross Primary and Secondary Enrollment Rates, by Country 73 -- 2.2 Gross Lower- and Upper-Secondary Enrollment Rates, by Country 74 -- 2.3 Gross Secondary Enrollment Rates, Ranked by per Capita GDP 74 -- 2.4 Primary, Lower-Secondary, and Upper-Secondary School Cycles, by Country 76 -- 2.5 Relation between Gross Enrollment and Gender Parity Index in Secondary School 78 -- 2.6 Gender Parity Index in Primary and Secondary School, by Country 79 -- 2.7 Participation in Secondary School by 15- to 19-Year-Olds, by Gender and Household Income 80 -- 2.8 Participation in Secondary School by 15- to 19-Year-Olds, by Gender and Urban-Rural Location 80 -- 2.9 Participation in Secondary School in Benin, by Gender and Household Income 81 -- 2.10 Participation in Secondary School in Ghana, by Gender and Household Income 81 -- 2.11 Participation in Secondary School in Rwanda, by Gender and Household Income 82 -- 2.12 Participation in Secondary School in Tanzania, by Gender and Household Income 82 -- 2.13 Participation in Secondary School in Uganda, by Gender and Household Income 83 -- 2.14 Participation in Secondary School in Zambia, by Gender and Household Income 83 -- 2.15 Secondary-School Repetition Rates, by Country 84 -- 2.16 Number of Students Enrolled in Kenya, by Age and Grade 85 -- 2.17 Pupil-Teacher Ratios in Primary and Secondary Schools, by Country 86 -- 2.18 Technical and Vocational School Enrollment as Percentage of Total Secondary-School Enrollment, by Country 89 -- 2.19 Ratio of Primary to Secondary School Costs per Pupil, by Country 91 -- 3.1 Annual Growth Rate of School-Age Population, by Country, 2005 96 -- 3.2 Percentages of School-Age Children in Population, by Country, 2005 97 -- 3.3 Gross Enrollment Profiles in 10 Countries 98 -- 3.4 Increase in Enrollment Needed to Reach Universal Lower-Secondary Enrollment by 2015, by Country 101 -- 3.5 Enrollment Patterns in Group 1 Countries 102 -- 3.6 Enrollment Patterns in Group 2 Countries 102 -- 3.7 Enrollment Patterns in Group 3 Countries 103 -- 3.8 Enrollment Patterns in Group 4 Countries 104 -- 3.9 Enrollment Patterns in Group 5 Countries 104 -- 3.10 Participation Patterns in Primary, Lower-Secondary, and Upper-Secondary School, by Country Group 105 -- 4.1 Projected Rate of Increase in Number of Secondary-School Teachers Needed to Achieve GER2L of 60% and GER2U of 30%, by Country 120 -- 1 Challenges for Expanding Secondary Education, by Country Group 7 -- 2 Summary of Affordable Options for Expanding Secondary Education 12 -- 3 Benchmarks and Indicators for Increasing Secondary Enrollment 19 -- Typologie des defis a relever pour le developpment de l'enseignement secondaire en ASS 32 -- 2.1 Gross Enrollment Rate and Gender Parity Index for Primary and Secondary School, by Country 70 -- 2.2 Gross Secondary Enrollment Rates in Developing Regions, 1990 and 2001 75 -- 2.3 Per Pupil Costs at Primary, Lower-Secondary, and Upper-Secondary Levels in Sub-Saharan Countries 91 -- 3.1 Increase in Enrollments Needed to Achieve GER = 100%, GER2L = 100% and GER2U = 100% in 2001 and 2015 100 -- 3.2 Challenges for Expanding Secondary Education, by Country Group 106 -- 4.1 Scenario 1: Current Enrollment Rates, No Reform 110 -- 4.2 Scenario 2: Higher Enrollment Rates, No Reform 111 -- 4.3 Scenario 3: Higher Enrollment Rates with Reform Package 1 112 -- 4.4 Scenario 4: Higher Enrollment Rates with Reform Package 2 112 -- 4.5 Scenario 5: Full Primary- and Lower-Secondary-School Enrollment with Reform Package 3 113 -- 4.6 Projected Financing Requirements and Shortfalls Associated with Various Levels of Enrollment 118 -- 4.7 Framework for Policy Options for Increasing Secondary-School Participation 124 -- 5.1 Strategies for Reallocating Resources for Education 128 -- 5.2 Strategies for Changing the Structure of Schooling 130 -- 5.3 Strategies for Containing Recurrent Costs 132 -- 5.4 Strategies for Improving the Flow of Pupils 134 -- 5.5 Strategies for Improving Teacher Deployment and Utilization 136 -- 5.6 Strategies for Enhancing School Management 137 -- 5.7 Strategies for Improving Curricula 139 -- 5.8 Strategies for Reforming Teacher Education 140 -- 5.9 Strategies for Improving Facilities and Buildings 141 -- 5.10 Strategies for Recovering Costs 143 -- 5.11 Strategies for Promoting Nongovernment Providers 147 -- 6.1 Benchmarks and Indicators for Increasing Secondary Enrollment 156.