Friction : how radicalization happens to them and us / Clark McCauley, Sophia Moskalenko.

Machine generated contents note: One. Introduction -- Section 1 Individual Radicalization -- Two. Personal Grievance -- Three. Group Grievance -- Four. Slippery Slope -- Five. Love -- Six. Risk and Status -- Seven. Unfreezing -- Section 2 Group Radicalization -- Eight. Group Polarization -- Nine. Group Competition -- Ten. Group Isolation -- Section 3 Mass Radicalization -- Eleven. Jujitsu Politics -- Twelve. Hatred -- Thirteen. Martyrdom -- Section 4 Wrapping Up -- Fourteen. Osama bin Laden -- Fifteen. The Challenge of Lone-Wolf Terrorists -- Sixteen. Radicalization of Opinion and Action: The Two-Pyramids Model -- Seventeen. Them and Us.

Terrorism is an extreme form of radicalization. In this groundbreaking and important book, Clark McCauley and Sophia Moskalenko identify and outline twelve mechanisms of political radicalization that can move individuals, groups, and the masses to increased sympathy and support for political violence. Co-authored by two psychologists both acknowledged in their field as experts in radicalization and consultants to the Department of Homeland Security and other government agencies, Friction draws on wide-ranging case histories to show striking parallels between 1800s anti-czarist terrorism, 1970s anti-war terrorism, and 21st-century jihadist terrorism. Altogether, the twelve mechanisms of political radicalization demonstrate how unexceptional people are moved to exceptional violence in the conflict between states and non-state challengers. In this revised and expanded edition, McCauley and Moskalenko use the twelve mechanisms to analyse recent cases of lone-wolf terrorists and illustrate how individuals can become radicalised to jihadist violence with group influence or organisational support. Additionally, in the context of the Islamic State's worldwide efforts to radicalise moderate Muslims for jihad, they advance a model that differentiates radicalization in opinion from radicalization in action and suggest different strategies for countering these diverse forms of radicalization. As a result, the authors conclude that the same mechanisms are at work in radicalising both terrorists and states targeted by terrorists, implying that these conclusions are as relevant for policy-makers and security officers as they are for citizens facing the threat of terror today.