An introduction to policing / John S. Dempsey, Linda S. Forst.

Included bibliographical references and index.

part I. Police history and organization -- 1. Police history -- Early police -- English policing: our English heritage -- Seventeenth Century and thief-takers -- Henry Fielding -- Peel's police: the Metropolitan Police for London -- American policing -- The North: The Watch -- The South: slave patrols -- American policing: eighteenth and nineteenth centuries -- The urban experience -- The southern experience -- The frontier experience -- American policing: twentieth and twenty-first centuries -- Policing from 1900 to 1960 -- Policing in the 1960s and 1970s -- Development of the ideology of a diverse department -- Policing in the 1980s and 1990s -- Policing in the 2000s -- 2. Organizing public security in the United States -- The U.S. Public Security Industry -- Local law enforcement -- Metropolitan law enforcement -- County law enforcement -- Rural and small-town law enforcement -- Indian country and tribal law enforcement -- Campus law enforcement -- Local law enforcement and illegal immigration -- Department of Justice -- Department of the Treasury -- Department of Homeland Security (DHS) -- Department of the Interior -- Department of Defense -- U.S. Postal Service -- Other federal enforcement agencies -- Joint federal and local task force approach to law enforcement -- International police -- 3. Organizing the police department -- Organizing the department: managerial concepts -- Division of labor -- Managerial definitions -- Managers/supervisors or leaders? -- Traditional organizational model and structure -- Chain of command (hierarchy of authority) -- Span of control -- Delegation of responsibility and authority -- Unity of command -- Rules, regulations, and discipline -- Alternative organizational models and structures -- Organizing by personnel -- The Civil Service System -- Sworn and nonsworn (civilian) personnel -- Rank structure -- Other personnel -- Some personnel issues -- Police unions -- Organizing by area -- Beats -- Precincts/districts/stations -- Organizing by time -- The three-tour system -- Tour conditions -- Steady (fixed) tours -- Organizing by function or purpose -- Line and staff (support) functions -- Police department units.

part II. The personal side of policing -- 4. Becoming a police officer -- Finding information of jobs in policing -- Standards in police selection -- Physical requirements -- Smoking -- Age requirements -- Education requirements -- Prior drug use -- Criminal record restrictions -- The recruitment process -- The job analysis -- The selection process -- Characteristics of good police officers -- Written examination -- Physical agility test -- Polygraph examination -- Oral interview -- Background investigation -- Psychological appraisal -- Medical examination -- The police training process -- Recruit training -- The Police Academy -- Field training -- Firearms training -- In-service, management, and specialized training -- 5. The police role and police discretion -- The police role -- Crime-fighting role -- Order maintenance role -- Ambiguity of the police role -- The police role in the aftermath of 9/11 -- Goals and objectives of policing -- Primary goals and objectives -- Secondary goals and objectives -- Police operational styles -- Police discretion -- what is discretion? -- How is discretion exercises? -- Why is discretion exercised? -- What factors influence discretion? -- How can discretion be controlled? -- Police discretion and police shootings and the use of deadly force -- Police use of deadly force -- Number of citizens shot by the police -- Do police discriminate with their trigger fingers? -- Departure from the "fleeing felon" rule -- Firearms training -- Less-than-lethal force -- 6. Police culture, personality, and police stress -- The police culture or subculture -- The Blue Wall of Silence -- The police personality -- What is the police personality? -- Are they born like that, or is it the job? -- Police cynicism -- The Dirty Harry problem -- Police stress -- What is stress? -- Nature of stress in policing -- Factors causing stress in policing -- Effects of stress on police officers -- Stress and police families -- Police departments dealing with stress -- Police suicide -- Police danger -- Officers killed in the line of duty -- Officers assaulted in the line of duty -- Police and contagious diseases -- 7. Minorities in policing -- Discrimination in policing -- Discrimination against women -- Discrimination against African Americans -- How did women and minorities strive for equality? -- The Civil Rights Act of 1964 -- The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 -- The Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 -- The Civil Rights Act of 1991 -- Federal courts and job discrimination -- Affirmative Action programs -- White male backlash -- Can minorities do the job? -- Academic studies -- Minorities in policing today -- Female representation -- African American representation -- Hispanic representation -- Asian representation -- Muslim representation -- Gay and lesbian representation -- Problems persist for minorities in policing -- Problems for women -- Problems for African Americans -- Problems for other minorities -- 8. Police ethics and police deviance -- Ethics and the police -- The dilemma of law versus order -- Review of the police -- Police corruption -- Corruption makes good books and films -- Examples of police corruption -- Reasons for police corruption -- Types and forms of corruption -- Noble Cause corruption -- Effects of police corruption -- Other police misconduct -- Drug-related corruption -- Sleeping on duty -- Police deception -- Sex-related corruption -- Domestic violence in police families -- Biased-based policing -- Police brutality -- Responses to police corruption -- Investigations -- Discipline and termination -- Preventive administrative actions -- Citizen oversight -- Police civil and criminal liability -- State liability -- Federal liability -- Reasons for suing police officers -- Effects of lawsuits on police departments and officers -- The emotional toll.

part III. Police operations -- 9. Patrol operations -- Traditional methods of police work -- Police patrol operations -- Activities of the patrol officer -- The legacy of O.W. Wilson -- Evaluating the effectiveness of police work -- Random routine patrol -- The Kansas City Study -- The Kansas City Study in brief -- Results of the Kansas City Study -- Rapid response to citizens' 911 calls -- Early studies of rapid response -- Later studies of rapid response -- Academic studies of the police patrol function -- From the foot beat to the patrol car -- One-officer versus two-officer patrol cars -- Return to foot patrol -- Patrol innovations: working smarter -- Evidence-based policing -- Modern response to citizens' 911 calls -- Directed patrol -- Split-force patrol -- Differential response to calls for service and the 911 system -- 911 system -- Reverse 911 -- Allocation of resources -- Personnel -- Vehicles -- Alternative strategies -- Uniformed tactical operations -- Decoy vehicles -- Alternative vehicle deployment -- Police traffic operations -- Video camera traffic enforcement -- Police automobile pursuits -- Efforts against drunk drivers -- Fighting aggressive driving -- Other police operational units -- SWAT teams and police paramilitary units -- Emergency service units -- K-9 units -- 10. Investigations -- Retroactive investigation of past crimes by detectives -- Detective operations -- What detectives do -- The detective mystique -- Alternatives to retroactive investigation of past crimes by detectives -- Improved investigation of past crimes -- Managing criminal investigations (MCI) -- Mentoring and training -- Crime analysis and information management -- Crime analysis -- Information management -- Multiagency investigative task forces -- Repeat offender programs (ROPs) -- Internet registries -- Global Positioning system (GPS) technology -- Closed-circuit TV and the Internet -- Cold-case squads -- Proactive tactics -- Decoy operations -- Stakeout operations -- Sting operations -- Civil liability and code enforcement teams -- Undercover operations -- Police undercover investigations -- Federal undercover investigations -- Drug undercover investigations -- Entrapment -- 11. Police and the community -- The need for proper police-community relationships -- Human relations, public relations, community relations -- Public opinion and the police -- Police and minority communities -- Multiculturalism -- African Americans -- Hispanic Americans -- Asian Americans -- Native Americans -- Arab Americans and Muslims -- Jews -- Women -- Gays and lesbians -- New immigrants -- Police and special populations -- The physically challenged -- The aging population -- Young people -- Crime victims -- Victims of domestic violence -- The mentally ill -- The homeless -- Community crime prevention programs -- Neighborhood Watch programs -- National Night Out -- Citizen patrols -- Citizen volunteer programs -- Home security surveys and operation identification -- Police storefront stations and mini-stations -- Crime stoppers -- Mass media campaigns -- Chaplain programs -- Citizen police academies -- Other police-sponsored crime prevention programs -- Police and business cooperation -- 12. Community policing: the debate continues -- Corporate strategies for policing -- The philosophy of community policing and problem-solving policing -- Community policing -- Problem-solving policing -- successful examples of problem-oriented policing -- Community policing today -- Resident officer programs: the ultimate in community policing? -- The Federal Government and community policing -- The Crime Bill -- Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) -- Some accomplishments of community policing -- Not all agree with community policing -- Homeland Security and the future of community policing -- 13. Police and the law -- Crime in the United States -- How do we measure crime? -- How much crime occurs in the United States? -- Arrests in the United States -- The police and the U.S. Constitution -- The Bill of rights and the Fourteenth Amendment -- The role of the Supreme Court in regulating the police -- The Exclusionary Rule -- The police and arrest -- Probable cause -- Reasonable and deadly force in making arrests -- Police traffic stops -- The police and search and seizure -- Canine sniffs -- The warrant requirement and the search warrant -- Exceptions to the warrant requirement -- The police and custodial interrogation -- The path to Miranda -- The Miranda Ruling -- The erosion of Miranda -- The Dickerson Ruling and beyond -- Police and surreptitious recording of suspects' conversations -- Police eyewitness identification procedures -- Lineups, showups, and photo arrays -- Other identification procedures.

part IV. Critical issues in policing -- 14. Computers, technology, and criminalistics in policing -- Computers in policing -- Computer-aided dispatch (CAD) -- Automated databases -- Automated crime analysis (crime mapping) -- Computer-aided investigation (computer-aided case management) -- Computer-assisted instruction -- Administrative uses of computers -- Computer networks and the Internet -- Mobile technology -- Fingerprint technology -- Basic categories of fingerprints -- Automated fingerprint identification systems -- Automated palm print technology -- Less-than-lethal weapons -- chemical irritant sprays -- The Taser and other stun devises -- Safety and effectiveness of less-than-lethal weapons -- Surveillance technology -- Surveillance vans -- Vehicle tracking systems -- Night vision devices -- Global positioning systems -- Surveillance aircraft -- Electronic video surveillance -- Advanced photographic techniques -- Digital photography -- Aerial photography -- Mug shot imaging -- Age-progression photographs -- Composite sketches -- Modern forensics or criminalities -- The CSI Effect -- The modern crime lab -- Crime lab accreditation -- Computer/digital forensics -- DNA profiling / genetic fingerprinting -- The science of DNA -- History of DNA in U.S. courts -- Current technology -- DNA databases -- Other current DNA issues -- Biometric identification -- Videotaping -- Robotics -- Concerns about technology and civil liberties -- 15. Homeland security -- Homeland security -- Terrorism -- International terrorism -- Domestic terrorism -- Methods of investigation terrorism -- Proactive methods -- Reactive methods -- Post-9/11 response to terrorism and homeland defense -- Federal law enforcement efforts for homeland security -- Department of Homeland Security (DHS) -- Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) -- Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) -- Other Federal agencies -- State and local law enforcement efforts for homeland security -- 9/11 Commission's review of efforts for homeland security -- Security versus civil liberties.