The elements of police hostage and crisis negotiations : critical incidents and how to respond to them / James Lynn Greenstone.

"Not intended for general use or for public consumption."

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Preincident preparation -- Select negotiators -- Establish selection timeline -- Use the decision tree -- Develop general orders and standing operating procedures -- Deal with the media -- 2. First-response duties -- Follow the steps for first response -- Develop intelligence at the scene -- Gather important information immediately in hostage and barricade situations -- 3. Callout response -- Keep equipment prepared -- Prepare your family -- Prepare yourself -- Respond to the scene -- Report to the command post -- 4. Arriving on scene and setting up -- Organize personnel at the scene -- Remain aware of legal considerations -- Observe telephone surveillance guidelines and laws -- Set up telephone or other communication system -- 5. Preparing to negotiate -- Review information on the abnormal psychology of hostage takers -- Review negotiations strategies --

6. Making contact and beginning negotiations -- Know the stages of negotiations -- Review the Greenstone model of crisis intervention -- Determine whether you have a hostage or crisis situation -- Review the basic steps for contact with the hostage taker -- Use boards -- Ignore deadlines, but be prepared to explain -- Listen for demands -- Prepare for face-to-face negotiations -- Set goals for negotiations -- Remember that negotiations are a team effort -- Keep the subject in problem-solving mode -- Determine whether you are making progress -- Know how to use the pat words and phrases -- Go step by step -- Understand and use Stockholm syndrome -- The do's and don'ts for hostage and crisis negotiators -- Use time appropriately -- Understand why we do not trade hostages -- Use translators appropriately and effectively -- Know when and how to call a time-out -- Select a mental health professional to assist the team -- Be a mental health consultant to a negotiations team --

7. Preparing for the surrender -- Understand and develop the process -- Use the guidelines -- 8. Postincident tasks -- Debrief the hostage negotiations team -- Use the debriefing sheet -- Review ten most serious errors -- Illustrative case study : why did it work? -- 9. Attending to special issues -- Consider risk factors -- Utilize the violence risk analysis worksheet -- Review red flag indicators and pay attention to them -- Know when to terminate utilities -- Know how to win and lose as a team -- Know how to survive if you are taken hostage -- Consider the role of tactical emergency medical support for negotiators -- 10. Specific issues relating to suicide -- Review the procedures for responding to a suicidal subject -- Know how to use the lethality scale -- Recognize a "suicide by cop" : victim-precipitated suicide -- Confronting adolescent suicide -- 11. Developing negotiator survival skills -- Use self-relaxation skills -- Understand the signs of job stress and burnout -- Develop personal survival skills --

12. Learning and using effective communication skills -- Ask the right questions -- Understand the messages -- Understand the nature of distortions -- Be empathetic -- Never assume -- Clarify statements -- Know when and how to ask questions -- Deal effectively with silence -- Understand content and feelings -- Respond to the subject effectively -- Listen carefully -- Be aware of nonverbal messages -- Know the roadblocks to effective communication -- Use the communication exercises to practice communication skills -- 13. Planning and preparing equipment -- Keep personal equipment within arm's reach -- Refer to the list of recommended personal equipment -- Assemble and maintain team equipment -- Refer to the list of recommended team equipment -- Develop an equipment policy for your team --

14. Heeding the laws of hostage and crisis negotiations -- Appendix I. Useful forms and illustrations for the negotiator in the field -- Debriefing sheet -- Intelligence report -- Checklist for negotiations techniques -- Hostage/victim worksheet -- Field diagnostic worksheet -- Intelligence-gathering format for first responders -- Quick strategy worksheet -- Negotiations checklist -- Detailed intelligence report -- Mental status examination -- Think tank diagnostic worksheet -- Questions to be answered by the think tank -- Lethality scale -- Command post structure example -- The crisis cube -- Appendix II. Practice using negotiation exercises -- Ground rules -- Training scenario -- Sample role-play exercises -- Appendix III. The hostage and crisis negotiator's training lab -- Statement of the problem -- History and background information -- Design -- Appendix IV. Additional reference materials -- The Bill of Rights -- Overview of the U.S. Constitution -- Texas Penal Code -- Texas Code of Criminal Procedure.