Children and violence : agency, experience, and representation in and beyond armed conflict / edited by Christelle Molima Bameka, Jastine C. Barrett, Mohamed Kamara, Karl Hanson, and Mark A. Drumbl

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Cover -- Endorsement -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- List of Illustrations -- About the Editors -- List of Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Common Abbreviations -- Selected Treaties and Instruments -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Overview -- 1.2 Definitions and Terminology -- 1.3 Additional Cross-Cutting Themes -- 1.3.1 Agency -- 1.3.2 Reconciliation, Restoration, and Vibrant Cultures of Juvenile Rights -- 1.3.3 International Relations and North-South -- 1.4 Roadmap -- 1.5 Concluding By Opening: Peering Beyond -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Section I Joining and Leaving Armed Fights -- 2 Safeguarding Futures: Rethinking Preventative Approaches to Protect Minors From Recruitment and Use in Colombia -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Background to the Violence and Responses Thereto -- 2.2.1 The Colombian Armed Conflict -- 2.2.2 Ombudsperson's Office -- Role, Efforts, and Timeframe -- 2.3 Data and Methodology -- 2.4 Results -- 2.4.1 The Actors Across Time -- 2.4.2 Recruitment and Use Across the Territory -- 2.4.3 Strategies By Actor -- 2.5 Discussion -- 2.6 Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 3 From Child Soldiers to Struggling Citizens: Children and Youth in a Broken and Uneven Social Contract in Conflict and Post-Conflict Democratic Republic of the Congo -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Research Background and Framework -- 3.3 Method and Analysis -- 3.4 Trajectories of Former Child Soldiers -- 3.4.1 Escaping the 'State of Childhood' and Acquiring a 'Military Spirit' -- 3.4.2 Returning to Civilian Life, Not to Childhood -- 3.4.3 Negative Perceptions of the Kadogos in the Communities -- 3.4.4 Prospects of a Return to Civilian Life -- 3.4.5 Necessary Transactions -- The Reintegration Programme as an 'Entre-Lieux' -- 3.4.6 Work as a Central Aspect of Achievement. 3.4.7 Family Unit, as a Hierarchical Space in Which Values and Duties Are Distributed -- 3.4.8 Lack of Medical Attention as an Example of the Government's Failure to Protect Them -- 3.4.9 Strategies to Become Full Members of the Community -- 3.5 Conclusion: Youth in Conflict and Post-Conflict D.R.C. as a State of Constant Flux -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 4 Former Child Soldiers: Persistent Conceptions of Childhood, and the Long Road of Transitional Justice in Uganda -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Conceptions of Childhoods and Child Soldiers -- 4.3 T.J. and the Wheels of Time in Uganda -- 4.4 Adult Former Child Soldiers and the Influence of Conceptions of Childhood -- 4.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 5 Sulh as Restorative Justice for Child Soldiers -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Reality of Child Soldiers -- 5.2.1 The General Issue -- 5.2.2 Prevailing Responses: D.D.R. and Retributive Justice -- 5.3 The Child Soldier, a Victim Or a Criminal? -- 5.3.1 The First Approach: Child Soldiers Exclusively as Victims -- 5.3.2 The Second Approach: It Is Possible to Hold Child Soldiers Accountable -- 5.3.3 A Constructive Path Forward -- 5.4 Restorative Justice in Theory and Practice -- 5.4.1 The General Framework of Restorative Justice -- 5.4.2 The Use of Restorative Justice Practice With Child Soldiers -- 5.4.3 Sulh as a Restorative Justice Practice in the Arab World -- 5.5 The Use of Sulh With Child Soldiers in Certain Arab Countries -- 5.5.1 Experiences of Sulh in Iraq and Yemen -- 5.5.2 Challenges and Opportunities: How Can Sulh Be Used? -- 5.6 Conclusion -- Note -- Bibliography -- Section II Cross-Overs: Fights Beyond Conventional Armed Conflict -- 6 Children and Cyberconflict: (Re)assessing Harm and the Capacity of Legal Instruments to Protect -- 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Beyond Kinetic Warfare: Understanding How Cyberconflict Affects and Is Affected By Children -- 6.2.1 Harms Resulting From Disruptions to Normal Life -- 6.2.2 Expanding the Scope of Participation -- 6.3 (Re)Conceptualising Harm in Response to Cyberconflict -- 6.4 Assessing the Capacity of Legal Frameworks to Respond to the Forms of Harm That Cyberconflict Poses to Children -- 6.5 Conclusion -- Note -- Bibliography -- 7 Guilty Victims Or Not?: Non-Punishment of Child Trafficking Victims and Child Soldiers Under International Law -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Child Trafficking Victims and Child Soldiers: Definitional Complexities and Overlaps Under International Law -- 7.3 Child Trafficking Victims (Presumably) 'Compelled' to Commit Crime and (Former) 'Forced' Child Soldiers: Victims, Perpetrators Or Both? -- 7.3.1 V.C.L. and A.N. V. the United Kingdom: The E.Ct.H.R., Article 4 E.C.H.R. and the Non-Punishment Principle -- 7.3.2 The Prosecutor V. Dominic Ongwen: The I.C.C. Prosecution of a Former L.R.A. Child Soldier for Crimes Committed as an Adult Commander -- 7.4 Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 8 Children as Informers and Denouncers -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 From Fairy-Tale to Tragedy -- 8.3. Condemnatory Letters From Children -- 8.4 Child Informers: Not Always So Special -- 8.5 Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 9 Afghanistan's

This multi- disciplinary volume provides an innovative approach to children and violence, looking beyond the existing literature that focuses on child soldiers in the 'Global South.' Harnessing expert contributions from over a dozen countries, the book examines the relationship between children and violence, with a focus on children ensnared in military conflict, embroiled in criminal gangs, and enmeshed in political activism. It analyses how children join fights, how they fight, and what happens to them after fighting officially ends. It addresses cutting- edge issues such as cyberwars, self-defence, intergenerational trauma, gender fluidity, racism and state surveillance. Throughout, the book underscores the need to respect the agency and dignity of children and youth, to build cultures of juvenile rights, and to think critically of the place of the child amid global power politics and decolonisation. Through accessible writing, and the provision of considerable new data, this book supports advocacy work and will enrich teaching and spark further academic research. This book will be of great interest to students of International Law, Human Rights, Childhood Studies, International Relations, Peace and Conflict Studies, Post- Conflict Studies, and Security Studies.

Description based on print version record.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest, 2018. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest affiliated libraries.