The Geopolitics of Hydrogen : Volume 1: European Strategies in Global Perspective / Rainer Quitzow.

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Introduction -- 1 Geopolitics of the Energy Transition -- 2 The Emerging Role of Hydrogen in the Geopolitics of the Global Energy Transition -- 3 The Case of Europe in the Emerging Geopolitics of Hydrogen -- 4 Europe's Domestic Hydrogen Politics -- 5 External Dimensions of the European Green Deal and the Role of Hydrogen -- 6 Understanding Europe's Role in the Emerging Geopolitics of Hydrogen: The Contribution of This Volume -- References -- The EU in the Global Hydrogen Race: Bringing Together Climate Action, Energy Security, and Industrial Policy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The EU's Strategic Vision for a Hydrogen Economy -- 3 Policies for Domestic Hydrogen Development -- 3.1 Research and Innovation -- 3.2 Regulation -- 3.3 Investment Support and Production Subsidies -- 4 External Dimensions of EU Hydrogen Policy -- 4.1 Multilateral Governance -- 4.2 Bilateral Hydrogen Cooperation Within EU Climate and Energy Diplomacy -- 4.3 Cross-Border Hydrogen Trade -- 4.4 Investing in the Hydrogen Economy in Third Countries -- 4.5 International Repercussions of EU Hydrogen Policies -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Germany's Hydrogen Strategy: Securing Industrial Leadership in a Carbon-Neutral Economy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Energiewende as Industrial Modernization Strategy: The Emerging Role of Hydrogen -- 3 Germany's Outward-Oriented Hydrogen Strategy -- 3.1 From Energy Partnerships to Hydrogen Partnerships -- 3.2 Multilateral Engagement -- 3.3 Promoting International Hydrogen Supply Chains -- 3.4 International Cooperation in Hydrogen-Related Research -- 3.5 Capacity Building and Skill Development -- 3.6 Promoting a Sustainable Hydrogen Economy -- 4 Conclusion -- Annex -- References -- France's Hydrogen Strategy: Focusing on Domestic Hydrogen Production to Decarbonise Industry and Mobility.

1 Introduction -- 2 The French Hydrogen Economy Today -- 3 The Role of Hydrogen in French Climate and Energy Policy -- 4 Hydrogen Strategies in France: Main Objectives and Implementation -- 4.1 Three Government Priorities for 2030 and Several French Companies' Strategies -- 4.2 Strategies Formulated by French Regions -- 4.3 Elements on Infrastructure and Cross-border Trade -- 5 External Dimensions of Hydrogen Development in France -- 5.1 Favourable Technical and Political Conditions for France to Become a Hydrogen Exporter and a European Hub -- 5.2 International Perspectives in French Policy Plans -- 5.3 French Hydrogen Diplomacy at the EU Level -- 5.4 French Diplomacy on the International Stage -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- International Dimension of the Polish Hydrogen Strategy. Conditions and Potential for Future Development -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Polish Hydrogen Economy-State of Play, Potential and Challenges -- 3 Polish Hydrogen Strategy-Key Information -- 4 International Dimensions of the Polish Hydrogen Strategy -- 5 Hydrogen in the Context of a Broader Polish Approach to International Energy Security -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Hydrogen Affairs in Hungary's Politically Confined Ambition -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Domestic Drivers: Enchantment with Nuclear, Natural Gas, and Solar PV -- 3 International Approach -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Spain's Hydrogen Ambition: Between Reindustrialisation and Export-Led Energy Integration with the EU -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Domestic Development of Hydrogen -- 2.1 A Decentralised Hydrogen Strategy -- 2.2 Leading Sectors: Refining, Fertilisers, Steel and Synthetic Fuels -- 2.3 Technological Development, R+D+I and Professional Skills -- 3 External Dimension of Hydrogen in Spain -- 3.1 The Role of Exports and the Iberian Peninsula as a Hub for Hydrogen Trade.

3.2 Infrastructure: Hydrogen as a Driver for Greater Energy Integration -- 3.3 Regulatory Diplomacy -- 3.4 Allies and Competitors in the Hydrogen Economy -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Italian Hydrogen Policy: Drivers, Constraints and Recent Developments -- 1 Hydrogen in Italy: In Search of a National Strategy -- 1.1 Overview and Comparative Advantages -- 1.2 Towards a Hydrogen Policy: Drivers and Key Pillars -- 2 The Role of National Industrial Actors -- 3 The International Dimension of Italian Hydrogen Policy: The Hub Concept and Beyond -- 3.1 Political Dialogue, Research and Innovation -- 3.2 Supply Chain Development and Overseas Financing -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Hydrogen Policy in the Netherlands: Laying the Foundations for a Scalable Hydrogen Value Chain -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Position of the Netherlands in the Emerging Low-Carbon Hydrogen Economy -- 2.1 Energy Hub -- 2.2 Industry -- 2.3 North Sea -- 2.4 Gas Legacy Assets -- 3 National Hydrogen Strategy and Policy Initiatives -- 3.1 Cluster-Based Energy Strategy -- 3.2 Prioritized End-Use Sectors -- 3.3 The Role of Different Forms of Hydrogen Production -- 4 International Approach -- 4.1 Bilateral Partnerships -- 4.2 Multilateral Partnerships and Political Dialogue -- 4.3 Shaping Hydrogen Infrastructure -- 4.4 Anticipating the Stages of Development in Organising the Low-Carbon Hydrogen Economy -- 5 More Developments in 2023 -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Hydrogen Strategy of Sweden: Unpacking the Multiple Drivers and Potential Barriers to Hydrogen Development -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Domestic Hydrogen Development in Sweden -- 2.1 The Swedish Energy Mix and Sources of Emissions -- 2.2 Developing a Swedish Hydrogen Strategy -- 2.3 The Swedish Government as a Driver of Hydrogen Development -- 2.4 Industrial Interests in Hydrogen Development.

2.5 Low-Carbon Electricity Mix and Different Bidding Zones -- 2.6 Lack of Gas Infrastructure and Natural Storage for Hydrogen -- 2.7 Summary of Opportunities and Trade-Offs -- 3 External Dimension of Hydrogen Development in Sweden -- 3.1 Strategic Objectives of the External Hydrogen Dimension in Sweden -- 3.2 Lobbying for Favorable EU Hydrogen Standards -- 3.3 External Actions of the Swedish Industry -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Norway's Hydrogen Strategy: Unveiling Green Opportunities and Blue Export Ambitions -- 1 Background and Introduction -- 2 Norway's Hydrogen Strategy: Internal Dimension -- 2.1 Strategy and Policies -- 2.2 Funding Activities and Challenges -- 3 Norway's Hydrogen Strategy: External Dimension -- 3.1 The EU and Norway -- 3.2 Private Sector Involvement -- 3.3 International Policy Dimensions -- 3.4 International Markets, Financing, Capacity Development and Challenges -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- The Geopolitics of Hydrogen in Europe: The Interplay between EU and Member State Policies -- 1 Geopolitical Challenges of Hydrogen in the EU -- 2 Domestic Politics and Energy Policy Legacies -- 3 Competing Hydrogen Technology Pathways in Europe -- 4 Prioritizing Different Types of Hydrogen Use in the EU -- 5 Renewable Energy Deployment and Hydrogen: Up to Speed? -- 6 Funding Hydrogen Policy in the EU: Up to the Task? -- 7 The Politics of Connectivity: Hydrogen Infrastructure in the EU -- 8 The Politics of International Hydrogen Trade -- 9 European Hydrogen Politics: The Art of the Possible -- 10 The EU in the Global Geopolitics of Hydrogen -- Literature.

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