The psychology of criminal conduct / D.A. Andrews, James Bonta.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 549-635) and indexes.

The authors bring the "person" back into criminology by focusing on understanding individual differences in criminal conduct and recognizing the importance of personal, interpersonal, and community factors. What results is a truly interdisciplinary general personality and social psychology of criminal behavior that is open to a wide variety of factors that relate to individual differences - a perspective with both theoretical and practical significance in North America and Great Britain. The book is now organized into four parts: (1) The Theoretical Context and Knowledge Base to the Psychology of Criminal Conduct, (2) The Major Risk/Need Factors of Criminal Conduct, (3) Applications, and (4) Summary and Conclusions. Chapters include helpful Resource Notes that explain important concepts. A selection of technical notes, separated from the general text, allows the advanced student to explore complex research without distracting readers from the main points. Resource notes throughout explain important concepts. Technical notes at the back of the book allow the advanced student to explore complex research without distracting readers from the main points. An acronym index is also provided.

Preface to the fifth edition -- Preface to the fourth edition -- Preface to the third edition -- Preface to the second edition -- Part 1: Theoretical Context And Knowledge Base To The Psychology Of Criminal Conduct -- Chapter 1: Overview of the psychology of criminal conduct -- Definition of the psychology of criminal conduct -- Values at the base of PCC -- Objectives of the Psychology of Criminal Conduct (PCC) -- Focus: variation in criminal conduct -- Types of understanding sought -- Empirical understandings and research designs -- Empirical knowledge of covariates -- Research designs -- Correlates of crime: differentiation among groups known to differ in their criminal history -- Predictor variables: true prediction in a longitudinal design -- Dynamic predictors: dynamic risk factors, more and less stable -- Causal/functional variables -- Moderator variables -- Preliminary note on meta-analyses -- Location of PCC in psychology and criminology -- PCC and general human psychology -- PCC and criminology -- Social context as a moderator of individual differences -- Social research on aggregated crime rates -- Objections to the goals of PCC -- Look ahead -- Worth remembering -- Chapter 2: Empirical base of PCC and the RNR model of assessment and crime prevention through human services -- RNR model of correctional assessment and treatment -- Core RNR principles and key clinical issues -- Additional clinical principles -- Overarching principles -- Organizational principles -- Alternatives to RNR -- Summary -- Major and moderate risk/need factors -- Best validated of risk/need factors -- Narrative summary of the central eight -- Meta-analyses of risk/need factors -- Predictive validity of composite assessments of the central eight -- Experimental investigations of the effectiveness of correctional treatment a quick look at what works and research support for the RNR model -- Effects of severity of sanctions -- Testing RNR principle #4 (introduce human service) -- Effects of clinically relevant and psychologically informed human service: adherence to the three core principles of risk-need-responsivity -- Worth remembering -- Recommended readings -- Chapter 3: Understanding through theory: psychopathological, psychodynamic, social location, and differential association perspectives -- Psychopathological perspectives -- Psychodynamic conceptions of human behavior -- Environmental barriers to development -- Immediate environment, the situation of action, and the psychological moment -- Types of offenders in psychoanalytic theory -- Psychodynamic thought and recent psychological advances -- Reformulations of psychodynamic theory -- Variations on psychodynamic themes in control theories -- More recent variations on psychodynamic themes -- Hirschi's self-control variation on psychodynamic theory -- Summary of the psychodynamic perspective -- Toward social learning via frustration-aggression -- From Freud to social learning: frustration-aggression -- Rise of social learning theory -- Megargee's algebra of aggression -- Class-based sociological theory: social location, social reaction, and inequality -- Anomie/strain theory -- Subcultural perspectives in bold sociological mode -- Uncovering social psychological value in sociological criminology -- Content of criminal subcultures -- From differential association to social learning -- Worth remembering -- Recommended readings -- Chapter 4: General personality and cognitive social learning approach: the personal, interpersonal, and community-reinforcement (PIC-R) perspective -- Person in the immediate situation -- Personal, interpersonal, and community-reinforcement (PIC-R) -- Perspective on criminal conduct -- Antecedent and consequent control -- Closer look at sources of control -- Relationship to other theories -- Summary -- Worth remembering --

Part 1: The Theoretical Context and Knowledge Base to the Psychology of Criminal Conduct 1. An Overview of the Psychology of Criminal Conduct 2. The Empirical Base of PCC and the RNR Model of Assessment and Crime Prevention Through Human Services 3. Understanding Through Theory: Psychopathological, Psychodynamic, Social Location, and Differential Association Perspectives 4. A General Personality and Cognitive Social Learning Approach: The Personal, Interpersonal, and Community-Reinforcement (PIC-R) Perspective Part 2: The Major Risk/Need Factors of Criminal Conduct 5. Biological, Personal, and Social Origins of the Major Risk/NeedFactors and Personal Strengths 6. Antisocial Personality Pattern 7. The Role of Antisocial Associates and Attitudesin Criminal Conduct 8. The Person in Social Context: Family, School, Work, Leisure/Recreation, Marital Attachments, and Neighborhood 9. Substance Abuse Part 3: Applications 10. Prediction of Criminal Behavior and Classifi cation of Offenders 11. Prevention and Rehabilitation 12. Creating and Maintaining RNR Adherence: A Real-World Challenge 13. Getting Mean, Getting Even, Getting Justice: Punishment and a Search for Alternatives 14. Criminal Subtypes: From the Common to the Exceptional Part 4: Summary and Conclusions 15. A General Personality and Social Psychology of Criminal Conduct: Summary and Conclusions

Part 2: Major Risk/Need Factors Of Criminal Conduct -- Chapter 5: Biological, personal, and social origins of the major risk/need factors and personal strengths -- Biological basis of criminal behavior -- Heredity and crime -- Search for a crime gene -- Nature-nurture interaction -- Neurological defects, faulty wiring, and crime -- Difficult, impulsive, sensation-seeking temperament -- Evolutionary musings -- Evolutionary missteps: the caveman awakened -- Criminal behavior as an evolutionary adaptation -- Social origins of crime -- Social class -- Society and culture -- Few final comments -- Worth remembering -- Recommended readings -- Chapter 6: Antisocial personality pattern -- Psychology's view of personality -- Super trait perspectives of personality -- Is personality just a matter of traits? -- Criminology's view of personality -- Then -- Now -- Antisocial personality as pathology -- Psychiatry and antisocial personality disorder -- Psychopathy -- Assessment of psychopathy: Hare's psychopathy checklist (PCL-R) -- Are there noncriminal psychopaths? -- Treatment of psychopaths -- Can children be psychopaths? -- General personality and social psychological perspective: the antisocial personality pattern -- Self-control: a facet of antisocial personality -- Antisocial personality pattern: risk and treatment -- Worth remembering -- Recommended readings -- Chapter 7: Role of antisocial associates and attitudes in criminal conduct -- When parents lose control: the path to delinquent associates -- Theoretical perspectives on delinquent associates -- Delinquent associates: training in antisocial behavior -- Cognitions supportive of crime: antisocial attitudes -- Development of antisocial attitudes -- Attitude-behavior link -- Classifying antisocial attitudes -- Assessment of antisocial attitudes -- Targeting antisocial attitudes in treatment -- Worth remembering -- Recommended readings -- Chapter 8: Person in social context: family, school, work, leisure/recreation, marital attachments, and neighborhood -- Family of origin -- Learning to care: the parent-child relationship and the development of social bonds -- Family and delinquency -- Family interventions and the reduction of delinquent behavior -- School -- Work -- Leisure/recreation -- Marital attachments -- Neighborhood -- Summary -- Worth remembering -- Recommended readings -- Chapter 9: Substance abuse -- Alcohol abuse -- Definition and prevalence -- Alcohol abuse and crime -- Treating alcohol abuse -- Illegal drug abuse -- Prevalence -- Treating drug abuse -- Relapse prevention -- Dealing with resistance to treatment -- Motivational interviewing -- Mandated treatment and drug courts -- Final comment on substance abuse -- Worth remembering -- Recommended readings -- Part 3: Applications -- Chapter 10: Prediction of criminal behavior and classification of offenders -- Assessing predictive accuracy -- PCC and prediction -- Offender assessment and the principles of risk, need, and responsivity -- Risk principle -- Criminogenic need principle -- Responsivity principle -- Approaches to the assessment and prediction of criminal behavior -- First-generation risk assessment: professional judgment -- Second-generation risk assessment: actuarial, static risk scales -- Third-generation assessment: risk/need scales -- Fourth-generation risk assessment: the integration of case management with risk/need assessment -- General applicability of theory-based offender assessment -- LS risk assessment across different populations -- LS risk across different outcomes -- Obstacles to using empirically based risk prediction -- Future of offender assessment -- Worth remembering -- Recommended readings --

Chapter 11: Prevention and rehabilitation -- From idealism to "nothing works" and back to human service: the how and why of "nothing works" -- Martinson "nothing works" debate -- Meta-analytic reviews of treatment effectiveness -- Work of Mark Lipsey -- Risk-need-responsivity approach -- Early criticism of RNR-related approaches -- Meta-analytic summaries of the effects of RNR programming -- Recent review by Mark Lipsey -- Comparing the RNR findings with the findings of Lipsey -- Can the contributions of appropriate treatment survive controls for competing variables? -- Theory and intervention -- Psychodynamic theory and psychotherapy -- Subcultural and differential association theory -- Behavioral and social learning approaches -- Worth remembering -- Recommended readings -- Chapter 12: Creating and maintaining RNR adherence: a real-world challenge -- Brief case studies of recent failures in correctional treatment -- Major problems -- Assessment approaches to enhancing routine programs -- Assessment of offenders -- Assessment of programs and agencies -- Training approaches to effective correctional supervision and treatment -- Dimensions of effective correctional counseling: the "what and how" of effective modeling and reinforcement -- Strategic Training Initiative In Community Supervision (STICS) -- Training issues -- Evaluation methodology of STICS -- Looking at what goes on beyond closed doors -- Project commitment -- Results to date -- Summary -- Routine-demonstration distinction in the validity of risk/need assessment: author involvement in validation studies -- Cost-benefit evaluations -- Worth remembering -- Recommended readings -- Chapter 13: Getting mean, getting even, getting justice: punishment and a search for alternatives -- Criminal justice sanctions and just deserts -- Effects of imprisonment on crime and the community -- Incapacitation effect: taking the bad off the streets -- Restoring faith in the criminal justice system -- Deterrence -- Evaluations of intermediate sanctions -- Unfulfilled promise of fairness -- Summary -- Punishment -- Why doesn't punishment work? -- Conditions for effective punishment -- Side effects of punishment -- Psychology's shift away from punishment -- Summary on punishment -- Alternative to retribution: restorative justice -- Worth remembering -- Recommended readings -- Chapter 14: Criminal subtypes: from the common to the exceptional -- Domestic violence against women -- Men who batter: are they made from the same cloth as regular criminals? -- Treatment of male batterers -- Mentally Disordered Offender (MDO) -- Estimating the prevalence of mental disorders -- Dangerousness and the MDO -- Prediction of criminal behavior among MDOs -- Treatment of the MDO -- Sex offender -- How unique are sex offenders? -- Risk factors for sexual offending -- Treatment of sex offenders -- Human hunters and predators -- Stalkers -- Domestic stalkers -- Serial killers -- Worth remembering -- Recommended readings -- Part 4: Summary And Conclusions -- Chapter 15: General personality and social psychology of criminal conduct: summary and conclusions -- Empirical understanding -- Incidence and prevalence of criminal activity -- Correlates of criminal activity -- Central eight -- Wide applicability -- Ability to influence crime -- Understanding of practical value -- Prediction instruments -- Effective prevention and treatment -- Theoretical understanding -- Some big and some small issues -- Specific responsivity -- Some feminist, critical criminological, and clinical psychological challenges -- Giving credit -- Responsibility for programs -- Conclusion -- Recommended readings -- Technical notes -- Technical note 1-1: Exploring variability in criminal behavior -- Technical note 1-2: Some definitional issues when no act is intrinsically criminal -- Technical note 1-3: Aggregated crime rates and the ecological fallacy -- Technical note 1-4: Objections to the goals of PCC -- Technical note 2-1: Summary of meta-analytic explorations of gender-informed factors and the prediction of criminal recidivism by gender -- Technical note 2-2: Sample of some anti-rehabilitation themes: how to destroy evidence of the effectiveness of correctional treatment -- Technical note 4-1: Cognitive-behavioral therapy: an overview -- Technical note 5-1: Genetics and heredity -- Technical note 10-1: Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) -- Technical note 11-1: How applicable are the findings regarding appropriate treatment with different types of cases? -- References -- Index to selected acronyms -- Subject index -- Name index.